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Genomics Precision Diagnostic > Neurology Precision Panel > Comprehensive Epilepsy Precision Panel

Comprehensive Epilepsy Precision Panel

Epilepsy is a central nervous system disease characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures, which are brief episodes of involuntary movement that may involve a part of the body (partial) or the entire body (generalized) and can be accompanied by loss of consciousness and loss of control of bowel or bladder function.
Overview
Indication
Clinical Utility
Genes & Diseases
Methodology
References

Overview

  • Epilepsy is a central nervous system disease characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures, which are brief episodes of involuntary movement that may involve a part of the body (partial) or the entire body (generalized) and can be accompanied by loss of consciousness and loss of control of bowel or bladder function. Around 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy, making it one of the most common neurological diseases globally. Epilepsy entails an enduring predisposition to generate neurobiological, cognitive, psychological and social consequences. Multiple risk factors exist for epilepsy one of them being a strong genetic predisposition. The three major classes of epilepsy disorders are genetic generalized, focal and encephalopathic epilepsies, with several specific disorders within each class.Epilepsy genetics is shifting from an academic pursuit to a clinical discipline based on molecular diagnosis and stratified medicine. Mutations leading to epilepsy have been identified in genes encoding ion channels, neurotransmitter receptors, molecular cascade of cellular energy production and proteins involved in neuronal excitability. The mode of inheritance ranges from autosomal dominant, recessive all the way to mitochondrial.

  • The IgenomixComprehensive EpilepsyPrecision Panel can serve as an accurate and directed diagnostic toolas well as for a differential diagnosis of recurrent seizures ultimately leading to a better management and prognosis of the disease. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the genes involved in this disease using next-generation sequencing (NGS) to fully understand the spectrum of relevant genes involved.

Indication

  • The Igenomix Comprehensive EpilepsyPrecision Panel is indicated in patients with a clinical suspicion or diagnosis presenting with the following manifestations:

    • Family history of epilepsy or treatment-resistant seizures 
    • Disturbances of movement 
    • Vision, hearing and taste disturbances 
    • Temporary confusion 
    • Uncontrollable jerking movements of the arms and legs 
    • Fear, anxiety or deja vu 
    • Loss of consciousness or awareness 

Clinical Utility

The clinical utility of this panel is: 

  • The genetic and molecular diagnosis for an accurate clinical diagnosis of a symptomatic patient.  
  • Early initiation of treatment with a multidisciplinary team in the form of medical with antiepileptic medication and monitoring of side effects, epilepsy surgery if indicated and dietary modifications. 
  • Establish recurrence risk depending on the type of epilepsy, genetic background and clinical presentation.  
  • Risk assessment and genetic counselling of asymptomatic family members according to the mode of inheritance. 
  • Improvement of delineation of genotype-phenotype correlation.

Genes & Diseases

See all genes and diseases

 

Gene

OMIM Diseases

Inheritance*

% Gene Coverage (20x)

HGMD**

AARS1

Charcot-Marie-Tooth
Disease, Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD,AR

99.07

30 of 30

ABAT

Gaba-Transaminase
Deficiency

AR

100

9 of 9

ABCA2

Intellectual Developmental
Disorder, Seizures,
Ataxia

AR

99.05

11 of 11

ABCC8

Diabetes Mellitus,
Hyperinsulinemic
Hypoglycemia,
Dend Syndrome

AD,AR

99.98

710 of 712

ABCD1

Adrenoleukodystrophy

X,XR,G

100

–

ACTL6B

Epileptic Encephalopathy,
Intellectual Developmental
Disorder

AD,AR

100

21 of 21

ACY1

Aminoacylase 1
Deficiency

AR

100

15 of 15

ADAM22

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AR

99.98

4 of 4

ADAR

Aicardi-GoutieresSyndrome,
DyschromatosisSymmetrica,
Bilateral Striatal Necrosis

AD,AR

99.93

252 of 252

ADGRG1

Polymicrogyria

AR

100

–

ADGRV1

Febrile Convulsions,
Usher Syndrome,
Epilepsy

AD,AR

97.53

–

ADPRS

Neurodegeneration,
Ataxia

AR

99.86

11 of 11

ADRA2B

Epilepsy

–

100

5 of 5

ADSL

Adenylosuccinate
LyaseDeficiency

AR

100

59 of 59

AFG3L2

OpticAtrophy,
Ataxia, Epilepsy

AD,AR

99.74

42 of 42

AGA

Aspartylglucosaminuria

AR

100

35 of 35

AHI1

Joubert Syndrome,
Retinitis Pigmentosa

AR

96.79

85 of 97

AIFM1

Oxidative Phosphorylation
Deficiency, Cowchock
Syndrome, Deafness,
Spondyloepimetaphyseal
Dysplasia,
Leukoencephalopathy,
Mitochondrial
Encephalomyopathy,
Charcot-Marie-Tooth
Disease

X,XR,G

100

–

AIMP1

Leukodystrophy,
IntellectualDisability

AR

100

10 of 10

AKT3

Megalencephaly-
Polymicrogyria-
Postaxial Polydactyly-
Hydrocephalus
Syndrome

AD

99.9

9 of 11

ALDH3A2

Sjogren-Larsson
Syndrome

AR

96

119 of 119

ALDH4A1

Hyperprolinemia

AR

100

7 of 7

ALDH5A1

SuccinicSemialdehyde
Dehydrogenase
Deficiency

AR

95.41

65 of 69

ALDH7A1

Epilepsy

AR

99.98

131 of 134

ALG1

CongenitalDisorder
Of Glycosylation

AR

100

46 of 46

ALG12

CongenitalDisorder
Of Glycosylation

AR

100

17 of 17

ALG13

EpilepticEncephalopathy,
IntellectualDisability

X,XR,XD,G

99.62

–

ALG2

Congenital Disorder
Of Glycosylation,
Myasthenic Syndrome

AR

99.61

7 of 7

ALG3

CongenitalDisorder
Of Glycosylation

AR

99.2

25 of 25

ALG6

CongenitalDisorder
Of Glycosylation

AR

99.91

24 of 24

ALG8

Congenital Disorder
Of Glycosylation,
Polycystic Liver Disease

AD,AR

99.5

22 of 22

ALG9

Congenital Disorder Of
Glycosylation,
Polycystic Kidney
Disease,
Microbrachycephaly,
Hypertelorism

AR

99.99

6 of 6

ALKBH8

IntellectualDevelopmental
Disorder

AR

99.2

2 of 2

AMACR

Alpha-Methylacyl-Coa
Racemase Deficiency

AR

100

8 of 8

AMT

GlycineEncephalopathy

AR

99.98

94 of 96

ANK3

Mental Retardation

AR

99.76

22 of 23

ANKRD11

Kbg Syndrome,
16q24.3 Microdeletion
Syndrome

AD

99.6

119 of 124

AP2M1

Intellectual
Developmental
Disorder, Myoclonic
Astastic
Epilepsy

AD

100

1 of 1

AP3B2

EpilepticEncephalopathy

AR

99.95

11 of 12

AP4B1

SpasticParaplegia,
IntellectualDisability

AR

99.64

22 of 22

AP4E1

Spastic Paraplegia,
Stuttering, Severe
Intellectual Disability

AD,AR

99.94

17 of 17

AP4M1

Spastic Paraplegia,
Severe Intellectual
Disability

AR

100

18 of 18

AP4S1

Spastic Paraplegia,
Severe Intellectual
Disability

AR

99.95

8 of 8

ARFGEF2

Microcephaly,
Periventricular
Nodular Heterotopia

AR

100

15 of 15

ARG1

Argininemia

AR

100

66 of 68

ARHGEF15

Angelman Syndrome,
Epileptic Encephalopathy,
Spastic Ataxia

–

99.89

3 of 3

ARHGEF9

Hyperekplexia, Epilepsy

X,XR,G

100

–

ARID1B

Coffin-Siris Syndrome,
6q25 Microdeletion
Syndrome

AD

93.87

226 of 238

ARL13B

Joubert Syndrome

AR

99.77

10 of 10

ARSA

Metachromatic
Leukodystrophy

AR

98

266 of 266

ARSB

Mucopolysaccharidosis

AR

99.83

217 of 220

ARV1

EpilepticEncephalopathy

AR

100

3 of 3

ARX

Corpus Callosum,
Epileptic Encephalopathy,
Lissencephaly, Mental
Retardation, Partington
Syndrome, West Syndrome

X,XR,G

81.92

–

ASAH1

Farber Lipogranulomatosis,
Spinal Muscular Atrophy,
MyoclonicEpilepsy

AR

99.98

69 of 70

ASNS

AsparagineSynthetase
Deficiency

AR

99.98

37 of 37

ASPA

CanavanDisease

AR

99.56

93 of 94

ASPM

Microcephaly

AR

99.74

221 of 222

ASXL3

Bainbridge-Ropers
Syndrome,
Feeding Difficulties,
Failure To Thrive,
Microcephaly

AD

 

77 of 81

ATAD1

Hyperekplexia

AR

99.97

3 of 3

ATIC

Imp Cyclohydrolase,
Charcot Marie Tooth
Disease

AR

98.77

8 of 8

ATN1

CongenitalHypotonia,
Chorea, Seizures,
Dementia,
Dentatorubral
Pallidoluysian
Atrophy

AD

99.86

11 of 11

ATP13A2

Kufor-Rakeb Syndrome,
Spastic Paraplegia,
Ceroid Lipofuscinosis

AR

99.97

53 of 53

ATP1A2

Alternating Hemiplegia
Of Childhood, Migraine

AD

100

108 of 108

ATP1A3

Alternating Hemiplegia
Of Childhood, Cerebellar
Ataxia, Optic Atrophy,
Sensorineuralhearing
Loss, Dystonia, Areflexia,
Pes Cavus, Parkinsonism

AD

99.94

138 of 138

ATP2A2

AcrokeratosisVerruciformis,
Darier-White Disease

AD

100

298 of 301

ATP6AP2

Congenital Disorder Of
Glycosylation, Mental
Retardation, Epilepsy,
Parkinsonism

X,XR,G

100

–

ATP6V0A2

Cutis Laxa, Wrinkly
Skin Syndrome

AR

99.99

55 of 55

ATP6V1A

Cutis Laxa, Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD,AR

99.98

9 of 9

ATP7A

Cutis Laxa, Menkes
Disease, Spinal
Muscular Atrophy,
Occipital HornSyndrome

X,XR,G

99.83

–

ATPAF2

AtpaseDeficiency

AR

100

2 of 2

ATRX

Alpha-Thalassemia
MyelodysplasiaSyndrome,
Mental Retardation-
Hypotonic Facies
Syndrome
, Carpenter-Waziri
Syndrome,
Chudley-Lowry-Hoar
Syndrome, Holmes-
GangSyndrome, Juberg-
MarsidiSyndrome, Smith-
Fineman-Myers
Syndrome

X,XR,XD,G

98.5

–

AUH

3-Methylglutaconic
Aciduria

AR

99.99

11 of 11

B4GALT1

CongenitalDisorder
Of Glycosylation

AR

99.97

3 of 3

BCKDK

Branched-Chain
Ketoacid
Dehydrogenase
Kinase Deficiency

–

99.91

6 of 6

BCS1L

BjornstadSyndrome,
GracileSyndrome,
Leigh Syndrome,
MitochondrialComplex
IIIDeficiency

AR,MI

99.96

40 of 42

BOLA3

Mitochondrial
Dysfunctions
Syndrome

AR

100

8 of 8

BRAF

Cardiofaciocutaneous
Syndrome, Leopard
Syndrome, Lung Cancer,
Craniopharyngioma,
Noonan Syndrome

AD

100

80 of 80

BRAT1

Neurodevelopmental
Disorder, Cerebellar
Atrophy, Rigidity And
Multifocal Seizure
Syndrome

AR

99.95

29 of 29

BRD2

Photosensitive
Epilepsy

–

92.11

1 of 1

BTD

Biotinidase
Deficiencymultiple
Carboxylase
Deficiency

AR

100

261 of 262

BUB1B

Colorectal Cancer,
Mosaic Variegated
Aneuploidy Syndrome

AD,AR

99.84

30 of 31

C12ORF57

Craniofacial
Dysmorphism,
Ocular Coloboma,
Temtamy Syndrome

AR

–

–

CACNA1A

Epileptic Encephalopathy,
Ataxia, Migraine, Benign
Paroxysmal Torticollis
Of Infancy

AD

96.13

249 of 266

CACNA1B

Neurodevelopmental
Disorder,
Seizures, Hyperkinetic
Movements, Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AR

95.83

7 of 7

CACNA1D

Primary Aldosteronism,
Seizures, Neurologic
Abnormalities, Sinoatrial
Node Dysfunction,
Deafness

AD,AR

100

18 of 18

CACNA1E

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD

99.94

25 of 25

CACNA1H

Hyperaldosteronism,
Epilepsy

AD

98.05

71 of 71

CACNA2D2

CerebellarAtrophy,
Seizures,
DevelopmentalDelay

AR

94

10 of 10

CACNB4

Epilepsy, Ataxia

AD

99.87

5 of 5

CAD

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AR

100

12 of 12

CARS2

Oxidative
Phosphorylation
Deficiency

AR

99.14

6 of 6

CASK

Anemia, Fg Syndrome,
Mental Retardation,
Microcephaly, Pontine
And Cerebellar Hypoplasia,
Epileptic Encephalopathy

X,XR,XD,G

99.98

–

CASR

Hyperparathyroidism,
Hypocalcemia, Pancreatitis

AD,AR

100

445 of 446

CBL

Myelomonocytic
Leukemia,
Noonan Syndrome,
Mastocytosis,
Noonan Syndrome

AD

100

46 of 47

CC2D1A

Mental Retardation

AR

100

7 of 7

CC2D2A

Coach Syndrome,
Joubert Syndrome,
Meckel Syndrome

AR

99.43

98 of 100

CCDC88C

Hydrocephalus,
Spinocerebellar
Ataxia

AD,AR

99.44

13 of 14

CCL2

Neural
TubeDefects

AD

100

–

CDK9

Inmune Deficiency
Disease,
Myeloma

–

82.69

2 of 2

CDKL5

Epileptic Encephalopathy,
Atypical Rett Syndrome,
West Syndrome

X,XD,G

99.92

–

CENPJ

Microcephaly,
SeckelSyndrome

AR

99.97

13 of 13

CEP290

Bardet-Biedl Syndrome,
Joubert Syndrome,
Leber Congenital
Amaurosis, Meckel
Syndrome, Senior-
Loken Syndrome

AR

96.47

293 of 327

CERS1

Epilepsy

AR

72.1

2 of 2

CERT1

Mental Retardation

AD

99.98

8 of 8

CHD2

Epileptic
Encephalopathy,
Lennox-Gastaut
Syndrome

AD

98.91

103 of 103

CHRNA2

Epilepsy

AD

99.91

8 of 8

CHRNA4

Epilepsy

AD

99.8

24 of 24

CHRNB2

Epilepsy

AD

100

13 of 13

CILK1

Endocrine-
Cerebroo-
steodysplasia,
Epilepsy

AD,AR

100

–

CLCN2

Epilepsy,
Hyperaldosteronism,
Leukoencephalopathy

AD,AR

100

39 of 39

CLCN4

Mental Retardation

X,XR,XD,G

99.69

–

CLN3

CeroidLipofuscinosis

AR

99.93

73 of 75

CLN5

CeroidLipofuscinosis

AR

99.56

52 of 55

CLN6

CeroidLipofuscinosis

AR

99.94

98 of 99

CLN8

CeroidLipofuscinosis,
IntellectualDisability

AR

100

44 of 45

CLTC

Mental Retardation,
Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD

98.81

14 of 14

CNKSR2

Mental Retardation,
Epileptic
Encephalopathy

X,G

99.11

–

CNPY3

Epileptic
Encephalopathy,
West Syndrome

AR

100

5 of 5

CNTN2

Epilepsy

AR

99.98

6 of 6

CNTNAP2

Pitt-Hopkins-
LikeSyndrome

AR

99.91

39 of 41

COA7

Spinocerebellar
Ataxia

AR

99.99

6 of 6

COA8

MitochondrialComplexIv
Deficiency,
Leukoencephalopathy

AR,MI

86.26

4 of 5

COG7

CongenitalDisorder
Of Glycosylation

AR

99.94

6 of 6

COG8

CongenitalDisorder
Of Glycosylation

AR

100

8 of 8

COL18A1

Glaucoma,
KnoblochSyndrome

AD,AR

99.76

–

COL4A1

Angiopathy, Microangiopathy,
Leukoencephalopathy,
Porencephaly, Retinal
Arteries, Hanac Syndrome,
Walker-Warburg Syndrome

AD

99.99

173 of 173

COQ2

Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency,
Multiple System Atrophy,
Leigh Syndrome,
Nephrotic Syndrome

AD,AR

99.61

37 of 38

COQ4

Coenzyme Q10
Deficiency

AR

91.05

21 of 21

COQ8A

Coenzyme Q10
Deficiency, Ataxia

AR

100

–

COQ9

Coenzyme Q10
Deficiency

AR

99.87

6 of 6

COX10

Leigh Syndrome,
Mitochondrial
Complex Iv
Deficiency

AR,MI

100

13 of 13

COX15

Cardioence
phalomyopathy,
Leigh Syndrome,
Leukodystrophy

AR,MI

100

5 of 5

COX6B1

Mitochondrial
ComplexIv
Deficiency

AR,MI

100

3 of 3

CPA6

Epilepsy,
FebrileSeizures

AD,AR

99.97

9 of 9

CPLX1

Epileptic
Encephalopathy,
Wolf-Hirschhorn
Syndrome

AD,AR

99.81

3 of 3

CPT2

Carnitine
PalmitoyltransferaseIi
Deficiency,
Encephalopathy

AD,AR

99.99

116 of 116

CRH

Epilepsy, Conn
Syndrome,
Depression

–

99.84

1 of 2

CSF1R

BrainAbnormalities,
Gliosis

AD,AR

100

122 of 124

CSNK2B

Poirier-
Bienvenu
Neurodevelopmental
Syndrome

AD

99.98

14 of 17

CSTB

Epilepsy, Hypohidrotic
Ectodermal Dysplasia,
Unverricht-Lundborg
Disease

AR

100

14 of 14

CTC1

Cerebroretinal
Microangiopathy,
DyskeratosisCongenita

AR

99.73

43 of 44

CTNND2

Benign Adult Familial
Myoclonic Epilepsy

–

94.3

10 of 12

CTSA

Neuraminidase
Deficiency,
Galactosialidosis

AR

100

40 of 40

CTSD

CeroidLipofuscinosis

AR

100

18 of 18

CTSF

CeroidLipofuscinosis

AR

92.18

12 of 12

CUL4B

Mental Retardation,
Short Stature,
Musclewasting

X,XR,G

99.77

–

CUX2

Epileptic
Encephalopathy,
Lennox-Gastaut
Syndrome

AD

99.72

2 of 2

CYFIP2

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD

100

8 of 8

CYP27A1

Cerebrotendinous
Xanthomatosis

AR

100

118 of 118

D2HGDH

D-2-Hydroxyglutaric
Aciduria

AR

100

42 of 42

DARS1

Hypomyelination

AR

99.99

18 of 18

DARS2

Leuko
encephalopathy

AR

100

65 of 65

DCX

Lissencephaly

X,G

100

–

DDC

Amino Acid
Decarboxylase
Deficiency

AR

100

59 of 59

DDX3X

Intellectual
Developmental
Disorder

X,XR,XD,G

99.03

–

DEAF1

Dyskinesia,
Seizures,
Intellectual
Developmental
Disorder, Smith-
Magenis Syndrome

AD,AR

93.55

42 of 42

DEGS1

Leukodystrophy

AR

86.16

12 of 14

DENND5A

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AR

100

9 of 9

DEPDC5

Epilepsy

AD

100

127 of 127

DHCR7

Smith-Lemli-
OpitzSyndrome

AR

100

217 of 217

DHDDS

Developmental
Delay,
Seizures, Retinitis
Pigmentosa,
Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD,AR

96.32

8 of 8

DHFR

Megaloblastic
Anemia,
Dihydrofolate
Reductase
Deficiency

AR

99.7

4 of 4

DHPS

Neurodevelopmenta
Disorder,
Seizures

AR

99.85

4 of 4

DIAPH1

Deafness,
Seizures

AD,AR

99.94

15 of 15

DLD

Pyruvate
Dehydrogenase
Deficiency

AR

100

26 of 26

DNAJC5

Ceroid
Lipofuscinosis

AD

100

2 of 2

DNM1

Epileptic
Encephalopathy,
Lennox-Gastaut
Syndrome

AD

94.8

30 of 30

DNM1L

Encephalopathy,
OpticAtrophy

AD,AR

100

29 of 29

DOCK7

EpilepticEncephalopathy,
Cortical Blindness

AR

99.95

11 of 11

DOLK

Congenital Disorder
Of Glycosylation,
Dilated
Cardiomyopathy

AR

99.98

13 of 13

DPAGT1

Congenital Disorder
Of Glycosylation,
Myasthenic Syndrome

AR

100

41 of 41

DPM1

CongenitalDisorder
Of Glycosylation

AR

97.25

9 of 9

DPM2

Congenital Disorder
Of Glycosylation,
Muscular Dystrophy,
Intellectual Disability,
Epilepsy

AR

99.87

2 of 2

DPYD

Dihydropyrimidine
Dehydrogenase
Deficiency, 1p21.3
MicrodeletionSyndrome

AR

100

74 of 75

DPYS

Dihydropyrimidinuria

AR

100

31 of 31

DYNC1H1

Charcot-Marie-Tooth
Disease, Mental
Retardation, Spinal
Muscular Atrophy

AD

100

104 of 104

DYRK1A

Mental Retardation

AD

99.85

78 of 81

EARS2

Oxidative
Phosphorylation
Deficiency

AR

98.8

31 of 31

ECHS1

Mitochondrial Short-Chain
Enoyl-Coa Hydratase 1
Deficiency, Leigh
Syndrome,
Leukodystrophy

AR

100

39 of 39

ECM1

LipoidProteinosis

AR

99.99

64 of 64

EEF1A2

EpilepticEncephalopathy,
Mental Retardation

AD

100

14 of 14

EFHC1

Epilepsy

AD

100

38 of 39

EHMT1

KleefstraSyndrome

AD

98.58

58 of 75

EIF2B1

Leukoencephalopathy,
Vanishing White Matter

AR

100

9 of 9

EIF2B2

Leukoencephalopathy,
Vanishing White Matter

AR

100

30 of 30

EIF2B3

Leukoencephalopathy,
Vanishing White Matter

AR

97.55

26 of 26

EIF2B4

Leukoencephalopathy,
Vanishing White Matter

AR

100

31 of 31

EIF2B5

Leukoencephalopathy,
Vanishing White Matter

AR

100

99 of 99

EIF3F

Intellectual
Developmental
Disorder

AR

99.99

1 of 1

EMX2

Schizencephaly

–

100

5 of 5

EPM2A

LaforaDisease

AR

89.2

63 of 70

EPRS1

Leukodystrophy

AR

99.62

6 of 6

ETFA

Acyl-Coa
Dehydrogenase
Deficiency

AR

92.33

32 of 32

ETFB

Acyl-Coa
Dehydrogenase
Deficiency

AR

100

21 of 21

ETFDH

Acyl-Coa
Dehydrogenase
Deficiency

AR

100

221 of 222

ETHE1

Encephalopathy

AR

100

32 of 33

FA2H

Spastic Paraplegia,
Fatty Acid Hydroxylase-
Associated
Neurodegeneration

AR

88.77

60 of 62

FAM126A

Hypomyelination,
CongenitalCataract

AR

100

11 of 12

FAR1

Fatty Acyl-Coa
Reductase 1
Deficiency

AR

98.77

4 of 4

FARS2

Oxidative
Phosphorylation
Deficiency,
Spastic Paraplegia

AR

99.98

23 of 23

FASN

FattyLiverDisease

–

100

6 of 6

FCSK

CongenitalDisorder
Of Glycosylation

AR

97.99

–

FDFT1

SqualeneSynthase
Deficiency

AR

99.77

3 of 4

FDX2

MitochondrialMyopathy,
Leukoencephalopathy

AR,MI

100

–

FGD1

Aarskog-Scott
Syndrome

X,XR,G

98.95

–

FGF12

EpilepticEncephalopathy

AD

99.98

4 of 6

FGFR3

Achondroplasia,
Hypochondroplasia,
Camptodactyly,
CrouzonSyndrome,
Epidermal Nevus,
Lacrimoauricul
odentodigital
Syndrome,
MuenkeSyndrome,
Thanatophoric Dysplasia,
IsolatedBrachycephaly,
IsolatedPlagiocephaly,
Saethre-Chotzen
Syndrome

AD,AR

99.89

77 of 78

FH

FumaraseDeficiency,
Leiomyomatosis

AD,AR

100

229 of 232

FKRP

Dystroglycanopathy,
Limb-Girdle Muscular
Dystrophy, Muscle-
Eye-Brain Disease,
Walker-Warburg
Syndrome

AR

99.9

157 of 157

FKTN

Cardiomyopathy,
Dystroglycanopathy,
Limb-Girdle Muscular
Dystrophy, Muscle-
Eye-Brain Disease,
Walker-Warburg
Syndrome

AR

98

54 of 56

FLNA

Cardiac Valvular
Dysplasia,
FgSyndrome,
Frontometaphyseal
Dysplasia,
Heterotopia, Intestinal
Pseudoobstruction,
Melnick-NeedlesSyndrome,
OtopalatodigitalSyndrome,
Terminal OsseousDysplasia,
Short BowelSyndrome,
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

X,XR,XD,G

100

–

FOLR1

Neurodegeneration

AR

100

19 of 23

FOXG1

Rett Syndrome, 14q12
Microdeletion Syndrome

AD

88.71

93 of 109

FOXRED1

Mitochondrial Complex I
Deficiency, Leigh
Syndrome,
Leukodystrophy

AR

100

13 of 13

FRRS1L

EpilepticEncephalopathy,
IntellectualDisability

AR

85.58

7 of 7

FUCA1

Fucosidosis

AR

100

31 of 32

FUT8

Congenital Disorder
Of Glycosylation,
Fucosylation

AR

99.73

4 of 4

GABBR2

Epileptic Encephalopathy,
Neurodevelopmental
Disorder, Rett Syndrome

AD

95.98

7 of 7

GABRA1

EpilepticEncephalopathy,
DravetSyndrome

AD

100

45 of 46

GABRA2

Alcohol Dependence,
Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD,MU

99.08

3 of 3

GABRA3

ThyrotoxicPeriodic
Paralysis

–

99.91

–

GABRA5

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD

99.94

9 of 9

GABRB1

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD

99.98

9 of 9

GABRB2

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD

99.19

16 of 19

GABRB3

EpilepticEncephalopathy,
Lennox-Gastaut
Syndrome

AD

100

54 of 62

GABRD

Epilepsy, 1p36
DeletionSyndrome

AD

 

3 of 3

GABRG2

EpilepticEncephalopathy,
DravetSyndrome

AD

99.67

53 of 53

GAL

Epilepsy

AD

100

1 of 1

GALC

KrabbeDisease

AR

99.38

252 of 254

GAMT

Cerebral Creatine
DeficiencySyndrome,
Guanidinoacetate
Methyltransferase
Deficiency

AR

99.92

60 of 60

GATM

Cerebral Creatine
Deficiency Syndrome
, Fanconi Renotubular
Syndrome

AD,AR

99.98

21 of 21

GCDH

Glutaric Acidemia,
Glutaryl-Coa
Dehydrogenase
Deficiency

AR

88.74

254 of 254

GCH1

Dystonia,
GtpCyclohydrolase
I Deficiency

AD,AR

99.41

225 of 244

GCSH

Glycine
Encephalopathy

AR

93.52

1 of 1

GFAP

Alexander
Disease

AD

99.98

143 of 143

GFM1

CombinedOxidative
Phosphorylation
Deficiency

AR

100

27 of 27

GFM2

CombinedOxidative
Phosphorylation
Deficiency

AR

99.35

5 of 7

GJC2

Leukodystrophy,
Lymphedema,
Spastic Paraplegia,
Milroy Disease

AD,AR

95.37

52 of 63

GLB1

Gangliosidosis,
Morquio Syndrome

AR

100

242 of 243

GLDC

Glycine
Encephalopathy

AR

98.69

359 of 367

GLI2

Holoprosencephaly,
Pallister-Hall Syndrome,
Pituitary Hormone
Deficiencies

AD

98.38

83 of 88

GLI3

GreigCephalopolysyndactyly
Syndrome, Hypothalamic
Hamartomascongenital
Hypothalamic
HamartomaSyndrome,
Pallister-Hall Syndrome,
AcrocallosalSyndrome,
Tibial Hemimelia

AD,AR

100

231 of 231

GLRA1

Hyperekplexia

AD,AR

99.6

71 of 72

GLRB

Hyperekplexia

AR

99.3

16 of 18

GLS

Epileptic Encephalopathy,
Global Developmental
Delay, Infantile Cataract

AD,AR

97.77

8 of 9

GLUD1

Hyperinsulinemic
Hypoglycemia,
Hyperinsulinism-
Hyperammonemia
Syndrome

AD

99.98

39 of 39

GNAO1

EpilepticEncephalopathy,
Neurodevelopmental
Disorder

AD

100

47 of 47

GNB1

Leukemia, Mental
Retardation,
Global Developmental
Delay

AD,MU,P

100

31 of 31

GNE

Nonaka Myopathy,
Sialuria

AD,AR

99.97

248 of 253

GNS

Mucopoly
saccharidosis

AR

99.92

22 of 22

GOLGA2

Vohwinkel Syndrome,
Smith-Mccort Dysplasia

–

99.89

3 of 3

GOSR2

Epilepsy

AR

88.39

6 of 6

GPAA1

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol
Biosynthesis Defect,
Neurodevelopmental
Delay

AR

99.98

11 of 11

GPC3

Simpson-Golabi-Behmel
Syndrome, Wilms Tumor
Nephroblastoma

AD,X,XR,G

99.84

–

GPHN

Hyperekplexia,
Molybdenum
Cofactor Deficiency

AD,AR

99.2

6 of 6

GRIA3

Mental Retardation

X,XR,G

98.39

–

GRIA4

Neurodevelopmental
Disorder

AD

99.94

5 of 5

GRIK2

Mental Retardation

AR

96.98

5 of 6

GRIN1

Neurodevelopmental
Disorder

AD,AR

100

43 of 43

GRIN2A

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD

100

143 of 143

GRIN2B

Epileptic
Encephalopathy,
Mental Retardation,
West Syndrome

AD

99.99

108 of 108

GRIN2D

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD

79.74

17 of 18

GRN

CeroidLipofuscinosis,
Frontotemporal Lobar
Degeneration,
SemanticDementia

AD,AR

100

220 of 229

GTPBP3

Oxidative
Phosphorylation
Deficiency

AR

99.94

17 of 17

GUF1

Epileptic
Encephalopathy,
West Syndrome

AR

99.88

4 of 4

HACE1

Neuroblastoma,
Spastic
Paraplegia,
Developmental
Delay, Epilepsy

AR

100

15 of 15

HCN1

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD

98.43

42 of 43

HCN2

Epilepsy, Retinitis
Pigmentosa

–

70.45

6 of 9

HCN4

Brugada Syndrome,
SickSinusSyndrome

AD

98.01

40 of 41

HDAC4

2q37 Microdeletion
Syndrome

–

100

10 of 10

HECW2

Neurodevelopmental
Disorder,
Hypotonia,
Seizures

AD

99.85

13 of 13

HEPACAM

Megalencephalic
Leukoencephalopathy

AD,AR

97.87

30 of 30

HEXA

Tay-Sachs
Disease

AR

100

205 of 206

HEXB

Sandhoff
Disease

AR

99.92

109 of 115

HGSNAT

Mucopolysaccharidosis,
Retinitis Pigmentosa

AR

87.91

69 of 73

HIBCH

3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-Coa
HydrolaseDeficiency,
Neurodegeneration

AR

96.47

27 of 27

HNRNPU

EpilepticEncephalopathy,
1q44 Microdeletion
Syndrome

AD

99.8

36 of 36

HPD

Hawkinsinuria ,
Tyrosinemia

AD,AR

100

10 of 10

HRAS

Bladder Cancer, Costello
Syndrome, Epidermal
Nevus, Giant Pigmented
Hairy Nevus,
Schimmelpenning-
Feuerstein-Mims
Syndrome, Linear
Nevus Sebaceus
Syndrome

AD

100

34 of 34

HSD17B10

Hydroxyacyl-Coa
DehydrogenaseIi
Deficiency

X,XD,G

100

–

HSD17B4

D-Bifunctional Protein
Deficiency, Perrault
Syndrome

AR

99.52

85 of 85

HSPD1

Leukodystrophy
SpasticParaplegia

AD,AR

100

7 of 7

HTRA1

Cerebral Arteriopathy,
Leukoencephalopathy

AD,AR

87.47

55 of 57

HTT

Huntington Disease,
Lopes-Maciel-Rodan
Syndrome

AD,AR

99

–

IBA57

Multiple Mitochondrial
Dysfunctions Syndrome,
Spastic Paraplegia

AR

93.35

25 of 27

IDH2

D-2-Hydroxyglutaric
Aciduria, Maffucci
Syndrome, Ollier
Disease

AD

99.99

4 of 4

IDS

Mucopolysaccharidosis

X,XR,G

99.86

–

IER3IP1

Microcephaly,
Epilepsy

AR

99.97

5 of 5

IQSEC2

Mental Retardation,
Microduplication
Xp11.22p11.23
Syndrome, Smith-
Magenis Syndrome

X,XR,XD,G

99.73

–

IRF2BPL

Neurodevelopmental
Disorder,
Seizures

AD

95.01

24 of 25

ITPA

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AR

100

5 of 6

JMJD1C

22q11.2 Deletion
Syndrome

–

99.09

27 of 27

JRK

Epilepsy

–

–

–

KANSL1

Koolen-De Vries
Syndrome

AD

96.03

22 of 27

KCNA1

Ataxia, Epileptic
Encephalopathy,
Continuous Muscle
Fiber Activity, Paroxysmal
Kinesigenic Dyskinesia

AD

100

49 of 49

KCNA2

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD

99.86

23 of 23

KCNAB2

1p36 Deletion
Syndrome

–

79

3 of 3

KCNB1

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD

99.95

55 of 55

KCNC1

Epilepsy

AD

99.87

10 of 10

KCND2

Autism,
Epileptic
Encephalopathy

–

100

4 of 4

KCNH1

Temple-Baraitser Syndrome,
Zimmermann-Laband
Syndrome

AD

99.69

15 of 15

KCNH2

Long Qt Syndrome,
Short Qt Syndrome,
Romano-Ward
Syndrome

AD

98.69

908 of 930

KCNH5

Epileptic

Encephalopathy,
Neuropathy

–

98.72

1 of 1

KCNJ10

Enlarged Vestibular
Aqueduct,
Pendred Syndrome,
Seizures, East Syndrome

AR

93.53

27 of 32

KCNJ11

Diabetes Mellitus,
Hyperinsulinemic
Hypoglycemia,
Maturity-Onset Diabetes
Of The Young,
Hyperinsulinism,
Dend Syndrome

AD,AR

100

190 of 191

KCNK4

Facial Dysmorphism,
Epilepsy, Gingival
Overgrowth

AD

94.93

2 of 2

KCNMA1

Cerebellar Atrophy,
Epilepsy, Paroxysmal
Dyskinesia,
Liang-Wang Syndrome

AD,AR

99.98

24 of 26

KCNQ2

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD

99.94

333 of 334

KCNQ3

Epilepsy

AD

97.94

40 of 40

KCNQ5

Mental
Retardation

AD

95.08

8 of 8

KCNT1

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD

95.98

64 of 64

KCNT2

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD

98.26

4 of 4

KCNV2

Retinal
ConeDystrophy

AR

99.98

86 of 88

KCTD3

Variegate Porphyria
, Niemann-
Pick Disease

–

96.19

2 of 2

KCTD7

Epilepsy

AR

99.99

40 of 40

KDM5C

Mental
Retardation

X,XR,G

100

–

KDM6A

Kabuki
Syndrome

AD,X,XD,G

99.98

–

KIF1A

Mental Retardation,
Neuropathy,
Spastic Paraplegia,
Peho Syndrome

AD,AR

100

76 of 76

KIFBP

Goldberg-
ShprintzenSyndrome

AR

99.27

–

KMT2D

Kabuki
Syndrome

AD

99.71

839 of 847

KMT2E

O’donnell-Luria-
Rodan Syndrome,
Intellectual Disability

AD

99.83

34 of 34

KPNA7

CerebellarMalformation,
Cerebellar Vermis
Hypoplasia

–

100

3 of 3

KRAS

Aplasia Cutis Congenita,
Cardiofaciocutaneous
Syndrome,
Leukemia, Noonan
Syndrome,
Autoimmune
Lymphoproliferative
Syndrome, Schimmelpenning-
Feuerstein-MimsSyndrome,
Encephalocraniocutaneous
Lipomatosis, Linear Nevus
SebaceusSyndrome,
Lynch Syndrome,
Toriello-Lacassie-
DrosteSyndrome

AD

100

38 of 38

L2HGDH

L-2-Hydroxyglutaric
Aciduria

AR

100

72 of 73

LAMA2

Limb-Girdle
Muscular Dystrophy

AR

100

363 of 377

LBR

Hydrops-Ectopic
Calcification-Moth-
Eaten Skeletal Dysplasia,
Pelger-Huet Anomaly,
Reynolds Syndrome,
Greenberg Dysplasia,
Reynolds Syndrome

AD,AR

99.98

34 of 34

LGI1

Epilepsy

AD

99.94

54 of 54

LIAS

Pyruvate
Dehydrogenase
LipoicAcidSynthetase
Deficiency

AR

99.82

8 of 8

LMNB1

Leukodystrophy

AD

99.66

4 of 4

LMNB2

Barraquer-Simons
Syndrome, Epilepsy,
Acquired Partial
Lipodystrophy

AD,AR

95.03

5 of 5

LNPK

Neurodevelopmental
Disorder With
Epilepsy And
Hypoplasia Of
The Corpus Callosum

AR

99.26

–

LRPPRC

Leigh Syndrome

AR

98.94

18 of 18

LYRM7

Mitochondrial
ComplexIii
Deficiency

AR

99.86

9 of 9

MACF1

Lissencephaly

AD

99.94

18 of 18

MAGI2

Nephrotic
Syndrome

AR

93.82

7 of 9

MAP2K1

Cardiofaciocutaneous
Syndrome,
Melorheostosis,
Noonan Syndrome

AD

100

31 of 31

MAP2K2

Cardiofaciocutaneous
Syndrome,
Neurofibromatosis-
Noonan Syndrome

AD

100

37 of 37

MAPK10

Lennox-
GastautSyndrome

–

99.97

–

MARCHF6

Epilepsy

AD

99.97

–

MARS2

Ataxia, Oxidative
Phosphorylation
Deficiency, Spastic
Ataxia With
Leukoencephalopathy

AR

99.94

3 of 3

MBD5

2q23.1
Microdeletion
Syndrome

AD

99.99

33 of 35

MBOAT7

Mental
Retardation

AR

99.08

11 of 12

MCOLN1

Mucolipidosis

AR

99.99

34 of 36

MCPH1

Microcephaly

AR

99.51

18 of 19

MDH2

EpilepticEncephalopathy,
Pheochromocytoma-
Paraganglioma

AR

98

11 of 11

ME2

Epilepsy, Li-
FraumentiSyndrome

–

99.99

1 of 1

MECP2

Autism, Encephalopathy,
Lubs Mental Retardation
Syndrome, Rett Syndrome,
Trisomy Xq28

X,XR,XD,MU,G

99.81

–

MED12

Lujan-Fryns Syndrome,
Ohdo Syndrome, Opitz-
Kaveggia Syndrome,
Blepharophimosis-
Intellectual Disability
Syndrome, Fg
Syndrome

X,XR,G

100

–

MED17

Microcephaly

AR

100

9 of 9

MEF2C

Mental Retardation,
Stereotypic Movements,
Epilepsy,
Cerebralmalformations,
5q14.3 Microdeletion
Syndrome

AD

99.91

43 of 46

MFSD8

CeroidLipofuscinosis,
Macular Dystrophy

AR

100

63 of 63

MGAT2

CongenitalDisorder
Of Glycosylation

AR

97.19

5 of 5

MICAL1

Epilepsy

AD

99.98

3 of 3

MIPEP

CombinedOxidative
Phosphorylation
Deficiency

AR

99.84

7 of 8

MLC1

Megalencephalic
Leukoencephalopathy

AR

100

104 of 106

MOCS1

Molybdenum
Cofactor Deficiency

AR

100

36 of 37

MOCS2

Molybdenum
Cofactor Deficiency

AR

100

32 of 32

MOGS

CongenitalDisorder
Of Glycosylation

AR

100

10 of 10

MPDU1

CongenitalDisorder
Of Glycosylation

AR

100

7 of 7

MRPL44

Oxidative
Phosphorylation
Deficiency

AR

99.75

2 of 2

MTFMT

Oxidative
Phosphorylation
Deficiency, Mitochondrial
Complex I Deficiency,
Leigh Syndrome With
Leukodystrophy

AR

99.52

18 of 18

MTHFR

Homocystinuria, Neural
Tube Defects,
Schizophrenia,
Thrombophiliavenous
Thromboembolism,
Isolated Anencephaly
, Isolated Exencephaly

AD,AR

100

122 of 122

MTHFS

Neurodevelopmental
Disorder With Microcephaly,
Epilepsy, Hypomyelination

AR

100

5 of 5

MTOR

Dysplasia Of Taylor,
Smith-Kingsmore
Syndrome, Macrocephaly-
Intellectual Disability-
Neurodevelopmental
Disorder-Small
Thorax Syndrome

AD

99.98

39 of 39

NACC1

Neurodevelopmental
Disorder With Epilepsy,
Cataracts, Feeding
Difficulties, Delayed
Brain Myelination

AD

99.99

3 of 3

NAGLU

Charcot-Marie-Tooth
Disease, Mucopoly
saccharidosis

AD,AR

93.23

194 of 222

NBEA

Autism, Oxidative
Phosphorylation
Deficiency

–

99.48

27 of 27

NDE1

Lissencephaly,
Microhydranencephaly

AR

86.55

12 of 13

NDST1

Mental Retardation

AR

99.99

11 of 11

NDUFA1

MitochondrialComplex
I Deficiency

X,XR,G

100

–

NDUFA2

Mitochondrial Complex
I Deficiency, Leigh
Syndrome With
Leukodystrophy

AR

99.84

2 of 3

NDUFAF3

Mitochondrial Complex I
Deficiency, Leigh
Syndrome
With Cardiomyopathy

AR

100

9 of 9

NDUFAF5

Mitochondrial Complex I
Deficiency, Leigh
Syndrome With
Leukodystrophy

AR

100

13 of 14

NDUFAF6

Fanconi Renotubular
Syndrome,
Mitochondrial Complex
I Deficiency, Leigh
Syndrome With
Leukodystrophy

AR

99.4

12 of 13

NDUFS1

Mitochondrial Complex I
Deficiency, Leigh
Syndrome With
Leukodystrophy

AR

99.98

30 of 30

NDUFS2

Mitochondrial Complex I
Deficiency, Leber
Hereditary Optic
Neuropathy, Leigh
Syndrome With
Cardiomyopathy,
Leukodystrophy

AR

100

26 of 26

NDUFS3

Mitochondrial Complex
I Deficiency, Leigh
Syndrome With
Leukodystrophy

AR

93.67

4 of 4

NDUFS4

Mitochondrial Complex
I Deficiency, Leigh
Syndrome With
Leukodystrophy

AR,X,XD,MI,G

100

15 of 15

NDUFS6

MitochondrialComplex
I Deficiency

AR

100

6 of 6

NDUFS7

Mitochondrial Complex
I Deficiency, Leigh
Syndrome With
Leukodystrophy

AR

88

6 of 7

NDUFS8

Mitochondrial Complex
I Deficiency, Leigh
Syndrome With
Leukodystrophy

AR

100

16 of 16

NDUFV1

Mitochondrial Complex
I Deficiency, Leigh
Syndrome With
Leukodystrophy

AR

100

36 of 36

NECAP1

EpilepticEncephalopathy

AR

99.83

2 of 2

NEDD4L

Periventricular Nodular
Heterotopia

AD

97.61

10 of 10

NEU1

NeuraminidaseDeficiency,
Sialidosis

AR

100

68 of 68

NEUROD2

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD

96.88

2 of 2

NEXMIF

Mental
Retardation

X,XR,XD,G

99.74

–

NF1

JuvenileMyelomonocytic
Leukemia, Neurofibromatosis-
NoonanSyndrome, Watson
Syndrome, 17q11.2
MicroduplicationSyndrome,
Pheochromocytoma-
Paraganglioma

AD

97.97

3082 of 3166

NFU1

MultipleMitochondrial
Dysfunctions
Syndrome

AR

100

13 of 15

NGLY1

Congenital
Disorder
Of Glycosylation,
Alacrimia-
Choreoathetosis-
Liver Dysfunction
Syndrome

AR

 

28 of 28

NHLRC1

LaforaDisease

AR

100

71 of 71

NIPBL

Cornelia De Lange
Syndrome

AD

99.32

409 of 426

NKX6-2

Spastic Ataxia,
Hypomyelinating
Leukodystrophy

AR

82.95

8 of 9

NOTCH3

Cerebral Arteriopathy,
Leukoencephalopathy,
Lateral Meningocele
Syndrome,
Myofibromatosis,
Myofibromatosis

AD

96.31

398 of 399

NPC1

Niemann-Pick
Disease

AR

97

503 of 505

NPC2

Niemann-Pick
Disease

AR

100

27 of 27

NPHP1

Joubert Syndrome,
Nephronophthisis,
Senior-Loken
Syndrome, Bardet-
Biedl Syndrome,
Joubert Syndrome
With Renal Defect

AR

100

58 of 59

NPRL2

Epilepsy

AD

100

12 of 12

NPRL3

Epilepsy

AD

99.61

18 of 18

NR2F1

Bosch-Boonstra
Optic Atrophy
Syndrome

AD

89.78

26 of 31

NRXN1

Pitt-Hopkins-
LikeSyndrome

AR

97.42

33 of 74

NSD1

Sotos Syndrome,
5q35 Microduplication
Syndrome,
Weaver Syndrome

AD

99.8

451 of 459

NT5C2

SpasticParaplegia

AR

97.89

6 of 7

NTNG1

Atypical Rett
Syndrome

–

99.96

2 of 2

NTRK2

Epileptic Encephalopathy,
Obesity, Hyperphagia,
Developmental Delay,
West Syndrome

AD

100

9 of 9

NUBPL

MitochondrialComplex
I Deficiency

AR

95.2

13 of 13

NUS1

Congenital Disorder Of
Glycosylation, Mental
Retardation, Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD,AR

99.62

22 of 23

OFD1

Joubert Syndrome,
Orofaciodigital Syndrome,
Retinitis Pigmentosa,
Simpson-Golabi-Behmel
Syndrome, Primary
Ciliary Dyskinesia

X,XR,XD,G

98.09

–

OPHN1

Mental Retardation,
CerebellarHypoplasia,
Distinctivefacial
Appearance

X,XR,G

100

–

P4HTM

Hypotonia,
Hyperventilation,
Impaired Intellectual
Development,
Dysautonomia,
Epilepsy,
Eye Abnormalities

AR

92.81

5 of 5

PACS1

Intellectual Disability-
Craniofacial Dysmorphism-
Cryptorchidism
Syndrome

AD

97.98

3 of 3

PACS2

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD

99.52

3 of 3

PAFAH1B1

17p13.3 Microduplication
Syndrome, Lissencephaly,
Miller-Dieker Syndrome

AD

99.95

90 of 92

PAK3

Mental Retardation

X,XR,G

99.96

–

PANK2

Hypoprebetalipo
proteinemia,
Acanthocytosis, Retinitis
Pigmentosa, Pallidal
Degeneration,
Neurodegeneration,
Pantothenate Kinase-
Associated
Neurodegeneration

AR

98.92

177 of 182

PARS2

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AR

100

7 of 7

PC

PyruvateCarboxylase
Deficiency

AR

100

48 of 48

PCDH19

Epilepsy,
DravetSyndrome

X,G

99.99

–

PCNT

Microcephalic
Osteodysplastic
Primordial Dwarfism,
Seckel Syndrome

AR

99.92

103 of 105

PDHA1

Pyruvate
Decarboxylase
Deficiency, Leigh
Syndrome With
Leukodystrophy

X,XD,G

99.02

–

PDSS2

Coenzyme Q10
Deficiency,
Leigh Syndrome With
Nephrotic Syndrome

AR

99.99

6 of 6

PEX1

Hearing Loss With
Enamel Hypoplasia
And Nail Defects,
Peroxisome Biogenesis
Disorder, Zellweger
Syndrome,
Refsum Disease,
Neonatal
Adrenoleukodystrophy

AR

97.02

126 of 134

PEX10

Zellweger Syndrome,
Refsum Disease,
Neonatal
Adrenoleukodystrophy

AR

99.76

29 of 32

PEX12

Zellweger Syndrome,
Refsum Disease,
Neonatal
Adrenoleukodystrophy

AR

100

38 of 38

PEX14

Refsum Disease,
Neonatal
Adrenoleukodystrophy,
Zellweger Syndrome

AR

100

4 of 4

PEX2

Refsum Disease,
Neonatal
Adrenoleukodystrophy,
Zellweger Syndrome

AR

99.89

17 of 17

PEX26

Refsum Disease,
Neonatal
Adrenoleukodystrophy,
Zellweger Syndrome

AR

100

29 of 29

PEX3

Refsum Disease,
Neonatal
Adrenoleukodystrophy,
Zellweger Syndrome

AR

100

9 of 9

PEX5

Adrenoleukodystrophy,
Cerebrohepatorenal
Syndrome,
Rhizomelic
Chondrodysplasia
Punctata, Refsum
Disease,
ZellwegerSyndrome

AR

100

12 of 12

PEX6

HeimlerSyndrome,
Spinocerebellar Ataxia-
Blindness-Deafness
Syndrome, Deafness-
EnamelHypoplasia-
NailDefectsSyndrome,
RefsumDisease,
Neonatal
Adrenoleukodystrophy,
ZellwegerSyndrome

AD,AR

99.94

105 of 108

PEX7

ZellwegerSyndrome,
Rhizomelic
Chondrodysplasia
Punctata,
RefsumDisease

AR

99.21

47 of 53

PGK1

Phosphoglycerate
Kina
se
1 Deficiency,
Glycogen
Storage Disease

X,XR,G

100

–

PHACTR1

Epileptic
Encephalopathy,
West Syndrome

AD

99.89

5 of 5

PHF6

Borjeson-Forssman-
Lehmann Syndrome

X,XR,G

99.93

–

PIGA

Paroxysmal Nocturnal
Hemoglobinuria,
West Syndrome

X,XR,G

97.98

–

PIGB

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AR

99.97

10 of 10

PIGC

Glycosyl
phosphatidylinositol
BiosynthesisDefect

AR

99.59

4 of 4

PIGG

Epilepsy-Intellectual
Disability-Brain
Anomalies Syndrome

AR

99.86

6 of 6

PIGN

Fryns Syndrome,
Multiple Congenital
Anomalies-Hypotonia-
Seizures Syndrome

AR

93.97

36 of 39

PIGO

Hyperphosphatasia
With Mental
Retardation Syndrome

AR

99.93

21 of 21

PIGP

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AR

99.98

2 of 2

PIGQ

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AR

99.99

4 of 4

PIGS

Glycosylphos
phatidylinositol
Biosynthesis
Defect

AR

100

6 of 6

PIGT

Paroxysmal Nocturnal
Hemoglobinuria,
Intellectual Disability-
Seizures-
Hypophosphatasia-
Ophthalmic-Skeletal
Anomalies Syndrome

AD,AR

100

15 of 15

PIGV

Hyperphosphatasia-
Intellectual
Disability
Syndrome

AR

99.99

16 of 16

PIGW

Hyperphosphatasia-
IntellectualDisability
Syndrome

AR

99.52

6 of 6

PIK3AP1

Bissinosis, Central
Nervous System
Tuberculosis

–

99.98

5 of 5

PITRM1

Alzheimer Disease,
Berylliosis

–

100

3 of 3

PLA2G6

Neuroaxonal
Dystrophy,
Neurodegeneration
With Brain Iron
Accumulation,
Parkinson Disease

AR

99.94

190 of 191

PLAA

Neurodevelopmental
Disorder,
Microcephaly,
Spasticity

AR

99.41

6 of 6

PLCB1

Epileptic
Encephalopathy,
West Syndrome

AR

99.92

4 of 6

PLP1

Pelizaeus-
Merzbacher
Disease, Spastic
Paraplegia

X,XR,G

100

–

PLPBP

Epilepsy

AR

100

–

PMM2

CongenitalDisorder
Of Glycosylation

AR

100

127 of 129

PMPCB

MultipleMitochondrial
DysfunctionsSyndrome

AR

99.46

5 of 5

PNKD

Paroxysmal
Nonkinesigenic
Dyskinesia

AD

99.98

6 of 6

PNKP

Ataxia-Oculomotor
Apraxia, Charcot-
Marie-Tooth
Disease,
Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AR

100

36 of 36

PNPO

Pyridoxamine 5-Prime-
Phosphate Oxidase
Deficiency, Pyridoxal
Phosphate-
Responsive Seizures

AR

99.99

31 of 31

POLG

MitochondrialDna
DepletionSyndrome,
External
Ophthalmoplegia
WithMitochondrial
DnaDeletions,
SensoryAtaxic
Neuropathy,
Dysarthria,
Ophthalmoparesis,
Alpers-Huttenlocher
Syndrome,
Mitochondrial
Neurogastrointestinal
Encephalomyopathy

AD,AR

99.92

325 of 326

POLR3A

Leukodystrophy,
Progeroid Syndrome,
Tremor-Ataxia-Central
Hypomyelination
Syndrome,
Wiedemann-
Rautenstrauch
Syndrome

AR

100

122 of 122

POLR3B

Leukodystrophy,
Hypomyelination-
Hypogonadotropic
Hypogonadism-
Hypodontia
Syndrome

AR

100

61 of 61

POMGNT1

Muscular Dystrophy-
Dystroglycanopathy,
Retinitis Pigmentosa,
Muscle-Eye-Brain
Disease, Walker-
Warburg Syndrome

AR

99.91

82 of 83

POMT1

Limb-Girdle Muscular
Dystrophy-
Dystroglycanopathy,
Muscle-Eye-Brain
Disease, Walker-
Warburg Syndrome

AR

100

105 of 105

POMT2

Limb-Girdle Muscular
Dystrophy-
Dystroglycanopathy,
Muscle-Eye-Brain
Disease, Walker-
Warburg Syndrome

AR

 

74 of 74

PPP2CA

Neurodevelopmental
Disorder And
Language Delay

AD

99.9

14 of 14

PPP3CA

Arthrogryposis,
Cleft Palate,
Craniosynostosis,
Impaired Intellectual
Development,
Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD

99.98

16 of 16

PPT1

Ceroid
Lipofuscinosis

AR

100

81 of 81

PQBP1

Renpenning
Syndrome,
Hamel Cerebro
-Palato-Cardiac
Syndrome

X,XR,G

99.99

–

PRDM8

Epilepsy,
LaforaBody
Disease

AR

89.24

1 of 1

PRICKLE1

Epilepsy, Unverricht-
LundborgDisease

AR

98.41

23 of 23

PRICKLE2

Epilepsy

–

94.92

6 of 6

PRIMA1

MiocardialInfarction,
Ichthyosis

–

99.59

1 of 1

PRODH

Hyperprolinemia,
Schizophrenia

AD,AR

98.57

5 of 5

PRRT2

Convulsions, Dyskinesia,
Epilepsy, Hemiplegic
Migraine

AD

99.93

111 of 111

PSAP

Saposin Deficiency,
Gaucher Disease,
Krabbe Disease,
Metachromatic
Leukodystrophy,
Encephalopathy

AR

100

33 of 33

PTCH1

Basal Cell Carcinoma,
Basal Cell Nevus
Syndrome,
Holoprosencephaly,
Gorlin Syndrome,
Monosomy 9q22.3

AD

98.89

498 of 502

PTEN

Cowden Disease,
Autism, Meningioma,
Bannayan-Riley-
Ruvalcaba Syndrome,
Juvenile Polyposis
Of Infancy, Lhermitte-
Duclos Disease,
Proteus Syndrome,
Segmental Outgrowth-
Lipomatosis-
Arteriovenous
Malformation-
Epidermal
Nevus Syndrome

AD

99.97

609 of 629

PTPN11

Myelomonocytic
Leukemia,
LeopardSyndrome,
Metachondromatosis
NoonanSyndrome

AD

100

150 of 151

PTPN23

Neurodevelopmental
Disorder And
Structural Brain
Anomalies

AR

99.99

17 of 17

PTS

6-Pyruvoyl-
Tetrahydropterin
SynthaseDeficiency

AR

99.97

108 of 112

PUM1

Spinocerebellar
Ataxia

AD

99.98

8 of 8

PURA

Mental Retardation

AD

85.36

59 of 65

PYCR2

Leukodystrophy,
Leukoence
phalopathy

AR

98.29

14 of 14

QARS

Microcephaly

–

100

12 of 12

QDPR

Phenylketonuria,
Dihydropteridine
Reductase
Deficiency

AR

100

66 of 67

RAB39B

Mental Retardation,
Parkinsonism

X,XR,G

100

–

RAB3GAP1

Warburg Micro
Syndrome, Cataract-
Intellectual Disability-
Hypogonadism
Syndrome

AR

99.94

70 of 70

RAI1

Smith-Magenis Syndrome,
17p11.2 Microduplication
Syndrome, Gene
Duplication Syndrome

AD

99.91

50 of 53

RALA

Tuberculosos,
MyocardialInfarction

–

99.94

7 of 7

RANBP2

Necrotizing
Encephalopathy

AD

99.41

9 of 9

RARS1

Leukodystrophy

AR

99.64

28 of 28

RARS2

Pontocerebellar
Hypoplasia

AR

99.98

39 of 40

RBFOX1

Epilepsy, Spinocerebellar
Ataxia, Developmental
Coordination Disorder

–

97.99

4 of 5

RBFOX3

Epilepsy,
EctodermalDysplasia

–

88.9

1 of 1

RELN

Epilepsy,
Lissencephaly

AD,AR

100

70 of 70

RFT1

CongenitalDisorder
Of Glycosylation

AR

99.98

18 of 18

RHOBTB2

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD

100

6 of 6

RMND1

CombinedOxidative
Phosphorylation
Deficiency

AR

99.67

15 of 16

RNASEH2A

Aicardi-Goutieres
Syndrome

AR

100

23 of 23

RNASEH2B

Aicardi-Goutieres
Syndrome

AR

99.95

41 of 41

RNASEH2C

Aicardi-Goutieres
Syndrome

AR

100

14 of 14

RNASET2

Leukoencephalopathy

AR

100

11 of 13

RNF13

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD

99.88

2 of 2

RNF216

Cerebellar Ataxia-
Hypogonadism
Syndrome

AR

99.89

15 of 15

RNR1

MERRF (Myoclonus
Epilepsy Associated
With Ragged-Red Fibres)

–

–

–

ROGDI

Kohlschutter-Tonz
Syndrome,
Amelocere
brohypohidrotic
Syndrome

AR

99.83

10 of 12

RORA

Intellectual
Developmental Disorder,
Epilepsy, Cerebellar
Ataxia

AD

99.94

12 of 12

RORB

Epilepsy

AD

99.98

4 of 4

RPGRIP1L

Coach Syndrome,
Joubert Syndrome,
Meckel Syndrome,
Joubert Syndrome

AR

99.96

52 of 52

RUBCN

Spinocerebellar And
Cerebellar Ataxia

AR

99.96

–

RYR3

Deafness

–

99.98

20 of 20

SAMD12

Epilepsy

AD

99.74

–

SAMHD1

Aicardi-Goutieres
Syndrome

AD,AR

100

51 of 51

SATB2

Chromosome 2q32-
Q33
Deletion Syndrome

AD

99.87

97 of 124

SCARB2

Action Myoclonus-
Renal
Failure Syndrome,
Gaucher Disease,
Unverricht-Lundborg
Disease

AR

99.95

29 of 29

SCN10A

Episodic Pain
Syndrome,
Brugada Syndrome,
Paroxysmal Extreme
Pain Disorder, Primary
Erythromelalgia,
Romano-Ward
Syndrome

AD

99.89

96 of 96

SCN1A

Epileptic
Encephalopathy,
Febrile Convulsions,
Migraine, Dravet
Syndrome,
Lennox-Gastaut
Syndrome

AD

99.8

1776 of 1797

SCN1B

Atrial Fibrillation, Brugada
Syndrome, Epileptic
Encephalopathy,
Dravet Syndrome,
Familial Progressive
Cardiac Conduction
Defect

AD,AR

99.67

46 of 48

SCN2A

Epileptic Encephalopathy,
Episodic Ataxia, Seizures
, Dravet Syndrome,
West Syndrome

AD

100

351 of 351

SCN3A

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD

99.98

18 of 18

SCN4A

Hyperkalemic Periodic
Paralysis, Myasthenic
Syndrome, Myotonia,
Paramyotonia Congenita
Of Von Eulenburg,
Postsynaptic Congenital
Myasthenic Syndromes

AD,AR

99.77

136 of 142

SCN5A

Atrial Fibrillation,
Brugada Syndrome,
Cardiomyopathy,
Long Qt Syndrome,
Heart Block, Sick
Sinus Syndrome,
Sudden Infant
Death Syndrome,
Romano-Ward
Syndrome

AD,AR,MU

99.45

929 of 942

SCN8A

Cognitive Impairment
With Or Without
Cerebellar Ataxia,
Epileptic Encephalopathy,
Myoclonus, Seizures,
Infantile Convulsions
And Choreoathetosis

AD

97.85

156 of 172

SCN9A

Erythermalgia,
Epilepsy, Indifference
To Pain, Neuropathy,
Extreme Pain Disorder,
Dravet Syndrome,
Primary Erythromelalgia

AD,AR

96.25

126 of 137

SCO1

ComplexIv
Deficiency

AR,MI

100

6 of 6

SCO2

Cardioence
phalomyopathy,
Myopia, Charcot-Marie-
Tooth Disease, Leigh
Syndrome With
Cardiomyopathy

AD,AR

100

38 of 38

SDHA

Cardiomyopathy,
Leigh Syndrome,
Paragangliomas,
Pheochromocytoma-
Paraganglioma,
Succinate-Coq
Reductase
Deficiency

AD,AR,MI

99.98

103 of 103

SDHAF1

Succinate-Coq
Reductase
Deficiency

AR

100

6 of 6

SERAC1

Methylglutaconic
Aciduria, Deafness,
Encephalopathy,
Leigh-Like Syndrome

AR

99.93

53 of 53

SERPINI1

Encephalopathy

AD

100

9 of 9

SETBP1

Mental Retardation,
Schinzel-Giedion
Midface-Retraction
Syndrome, Intellectual
Disability-Expressive
Aphasia-Facial
Dysmorphism
Syndrome

AD

98.61

43 of 43

SETD2

Luscan-Lumish
Syndrome,
Sotos Syndrome

AD

99.83

19 of 19

SGCE

MyoclonicDystonia

AD

99.46

94 of 98

SGSH

Mucopolysaccharidosis

AR

97.7

151 of 151

SHH

Holoprosencephaly,
Microphthalmia,
Schizencephaly,
HypoplasticTibiae-
PostaxialPolydactyly
Syndrome, Radial
Hemimelia, Syndactyly

AD

99.48

161 of 184

SHOC2

NoonanSyndrome

AD

99.98

8 of 8

SIK1

Myoclonic And
Epileptic
Encephalopathy,
West Syndrome

AD

99.67

9 of 9

SIX3

Holoprosencephaly,
Schizencephaly

AD

99.79

79 of 80

SLC12A5

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD,AR

100

19 of 19

SLC13A5

EpilepticEnce
phalopathy,
Amelocerebrohy
pohidrotic
Syndrome

AR

95.92

24 of 24

SLC17A5

Infantile Sialic Acid
Storage Disorder,
Sialuria

AR

99.91

49 of 49

SLC19A3

Basal Ganglia
Disease, Leigh
Syndrome,
Leukodystrophy

AR

100

38 of 39

SLC1A2

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD

100

7 of 7

SLC1A3

Episodic Ataxia

AD

100

13 of 13

SLC1A4

SpasticTetraplegia,
Microcephaly

AR

99.76

8 of 9

SLC25A1

D-2- And L-2-
Hydroxyglutaric
Aciduria, Myasthenic
Syndrome

AR

90

23 of 25

SLC25A12

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AR

100

7 of 7

SLC25A15

Hyperornithinemia-
Hyperammonemia-
Homocitrullinuria
Syndrome

AR

100

41 of 41

SLC25A19

Microcephaly,
Thiamine
Metabolism
Dysfunction
Syndrome

AR

97.13

10 of 10

SLC25A22

Epileptic
Encephalopathy,
Myoclonic
Encephalopathy

AR

100

16 of 16

SLC25A42

Metabolic Crises,
Encephalomyopathy

AR

99.91

2 of 2

SLC2A1

Choreoathetosis,
Epilepsy, Glucose
Transport Defect,
Stomatin-Deficient
Cryohydrocytosis

AD,AR

99.99

301 of 304

SLC35A1

CongenitalDisorder
Of Glycosylation

AR

100

6 of 6

SLC35A2

CongenitalDisorder
Of Glycosylation

X,XD,G

99.97

–

SLC35A3

Arthrogryposis,
Autism Spectrum
Disorder-Epilepsy-
Arthrogryposis
Syndrome

AR

99.94

5 of 5

SLC35C1

CongenitalDisorder
Of Glycosylation

AR

99.73

8 of 8

SLC39A8

CongenitalDisorder
Of Glycosylation

AR

99.89

7 of 7

SLC46A1

FolateMalabsorption

AR

99.8

21 of 21

SLC4A10

Epilepsy, Corneal
Dystrophy

–

99.94

4 of 4

SLC6A1

Myoclonic-
AstasticEpilepsy

AD

100

55 of 55

SLC6A5

Hyperekplexia

AD,AR

100

37 of 37

SLC6A8

CreatineDeficiency
Syndrome

X,XR,G

99.87

–

SLC6A9

Glycine
Encephalopathy

AR

99.99

5 of 5

SLC9A6

Christianson
Syndrome

X,XD,G

98.87

–

SMARCA2

Nicolaides-Baraitser
Syndrome,
Intellectual
Disability-Sparse
Hair-Brachydactyly
Syndrome

AD

97.99

80 of 81

SMC1A

Cornelia De Lange
Syndrome, Semilobar
Holoprosencephaly,
Wiedemann-Steiner
Syndrome

X,XR,XD,G

100

–

SMC3

Cornelia De Lange
Syndrome

AD

100

30 of 30

SMS

Mental Retardation

X,XR,G

84.04

–

SNAP25

Myasthenic
Syndrome

AD

100

6 of 6

SNIP1

Psychomotor
Retardation,
Craniofacial
Dysmorphism

AR

99.68

1 of 1

SNORD118

Leukoencephalopathy

AR

–

–

SNX27

Epilepsy, Parkinson
Disease

–

99.52

1 of 1

SOX10

Waardenburg
Syndrome,
KallmannSyndrome

AD

99.74

139 of 147

SPATA5

Epilepsy, Deafness

AR

99.83

30 of 30

SPR

Dystonia, Sepiapterin
Reductase
Deficiency

AD,AR

99.89

27 of 27

SPRED1

LegiusSyndrome

AD

100

84 of 84

SPTAN1

Epileptic
Encephalopathy,
West Syndrome

AD

100

52 of 53

SPTBN4

Myopathy,
Deafness

AR

99.26

10 of 10

SRGAP2

Epileptic Encephalopathy,
Pilocytic Astrocytoma,
West Syndrome,
Chromosome
3pter-P25 Deletion
Syndrome

–

96.8

1 of 1

SRPX2

Rolandic Epilepsy,
Speech Dyspraxia
, Bilateral Perisylvian
Polymicrogyria

AD

100

–

ST3GAL3

Epileptic Encephalopathy,
Mental Retardation,
West Syndrome

AR

100

5 of 5

ST3GAL5

EpilepsySyndrome

AR

99.17

6 of 6

STAG1

Mental Retardation,
Facial Dysmorphism
, Gastroesophageal
Reflux

AD

99.98

16 of 22

STARD7

Epilepsy

AD

98.13

1 of 1

STIL

Microcephaly

AR

99.94

18 of 18

STRADA

Polyhydramnios,
Megalencephaly,
Epilepsy

AR

97.95

4 of 6

STX1B

GeneralizedEpilepsy,
FebrileSeizures

AD

100

24 of 24

STXBP1

Epileptic Encephalopathy,
9q33.3q34.11
Microdeletion Syndrome,
Rett Syndrome,
Dravet Syndrome,
West Syndrome

AD

100

209 of 215

SUMF1

Multiple Sulfatase
Deficiency

AR

100

52 of 52

SUOX

Sulfocysteinuria

AR

99.98

28 of 28

SURF1

Charcot-Marie-
Tooth Disease,
Leigh Syndrome,
Leukodystrophy

AR,MI

98.59

117 of 124

SYN1

Epilepsy,
LearningDisabilities

X,XR,XD,G

91.7

–

SYNGAP1

Mental Retardation,
EpilepticEncephalopathy

AD

99.46

168 of 171

SYNJ1

EpilepticEncephalopathy,
Parkinson Disease

AR

99.81

30 of 32

SYP

Mental Retardation

X,XR,G

99.98

–

SZT2

EpilepticEncephalopathy

AR

99.98

39 of 39

TACO1

Mitochondrial Complex
Iv Deficiency, Leigh
Syndrome, Leukodystrophy

AR,MI

100

3 of 3

TAF1

Dystonia, Mental
Retardation,
Parkinsonism

X,XR,G

99.74

–

TBC1D20

Warburg Micro
Syndrome

AR

99.94

6 of 6

TBC1D24

Deafness, Doors
Syndrome, Epileptic
Encephalopathy,
Myoclonic Epilepsy,
Dystonia

AD,AR

100

80 of 80

TBCD

Encephalopathy,
Diffuse Brain Atrophy,
Microcephaly

AR

94.89

28 of 28

TBCE

Epileptic Encephalopathy,
Hypoparathyroidism-
Retardation-
Dysmorphism Syndrome,
Kenny-Caffey Syndrome,
Spastic Ataxia, Sanjad-
Sakati Syndrome

AR

100

8 of 8

TBCK

Hypotonia,
Intellectual
Disability

AR

99.95

15 of 15

TBL1XR1

Mental Retardation,
Pierpont Syndrome,
PromyelocyticLeukemia

AD

99.78

23 of 23

TBX1

Conotruncal Heart
Malformations,
Digeorge Syndrome
, Tetralogy Of Fallot,
Velocardiofacial Syndrome,
22q11.2 Deletion
Syndrome, 22q11.2
Microduplication
Syndrome

AD,AR

88.7

35 of 42

TCF4

Corneal Dystrophy,
Pitt-Hopkins Syndrome,
Sclerosing Cholangitis

AD

98.91

124 of 124

TDP2

Spinocerebellar
Ataxia

AR

99.93

8 of 8

TIMM50

3-Methylglutaconic
Aciduria

AR

91

7 of 7

TMEM67

Bardet-Biedl Syndrome,
Coach Syndrome,
Joubert Syndrome,
Meckel Syndrome,
Nephronophthisis,
Rhyns Syndrome

AR

96.93

177 of 179

TMEM70

MitochondrialComplex V
Deficiency, Encephalo-
Cardiomyopathy

AR

100

22 of 24

TNK2

Gastric Adenocarcinoma,
Epilepsy

–

99.72

6 of 7

TPK1

ThiamineMetabolism
Dysfunction
Syndrome

AR

99.81

15 of 15

TPP1

CeroidLipofuscinosis,
Spinocerebellar
Ataxia

AR

100

147 of 147

TRAK1

EpilepticEncephalopathy

AR

99.28

7 of 7

TRAPPC6B

Neurodevelopmental
Disorder, Microcephaly,
Epilepsy, Brain Atrophy

AR

100

4 of 4

TREX1

Aicardi-GoutieresSyndrome,
Chilblain Lupus, Systemic
Lupus Erythematosus,
Vasculopathy, Cerebral
Leukodystrophy

AD,AR

100

75 of 75

TRIM8

EpilepticEncephalopathy

–

99.5

7 of 7

TRNF

Mitochondrial Myopathy,
Epileptic Encephalopathy,
MELAS (Myoclonic
Encephalopathy,
Lactic Acidosis, And
Stroke-Like Episodes),
MERRF (Myoclonus
Epilepsy Associated
With Ragged-Red Fibres)

MI

–

–

TRNH

MELAS (Myoclonic
Encephalopathy,
Lactic Acidosis, And
Stroke-Like Episodes),
MERRF (Myoclonus
Epilepsy Associated
With
Ragged-Red Fibres)

–

–

–

TRNI

MERRF (Myoclonus
Epilepsy Associated
With
Ragged-Red Fibres)

MI

–

–

TRNK

MELAS (Myoclonic
Encephalopathy,
Lactic Acidosis, And
Stroke-Like Episodes),
MERRF (Myoclonus
Epilepsy Associated
With Ragged-Red Fibres),
Leigh Syndrome,
Cardiomyopathy,
Deafness

MI

–

–

TRNL1

MELAS (Myoclonic
Encephalopathy,
Lactic Acidosis, And
Stroke-Like Episodes),
MERRF (Myoclonus
Epilepsy Associated
With Ragged-Red
Fibres), Kearns-
Sayre Syndrome,
Deafness, Leigh
Syndrome,
Ophthalmoplegia

MI

–

–

TRNP

MERRF (Myoclonus
Epilepsy Associated
With Ragged-Red
Fibres)

MI

–

–

TRNQ

MELAS (Myoclonic
Encephalopathy,
Lactic Acidosis,
And Stroke-Like
Episodes), MERRF
(Myoclonus Epilepsy
Associated With Ragged-
Red Fibres)

MI

–

–

TRNS1

Mitochondrial Complex
Iv Deficiency, MELAS
(Myoclonic Encephalopathy,
Lactic Acidosis, And
Stroke-Like Episodes),
MERRF (Myoclonus
Epilepsy Associated With
Ragged-Red Fibres),
Ophthalmoplegia,
Palmoplantar
Keratoderma-
Deafness Syndrome

AR,MI

–

–

TRNS2

MELAS (Myoclonic
Encephalopathy,
Lactic Acidosis, And
Stroke-Like Episodes),
MERRF (Myoclonus
Epilepsy Associated
With Ragged-Red
Fibres), Usher
Syndrome

MI

–

–

TSC1

Dysplasia Of Taylor,
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis,
Tuberous Sclerosis

AD

99.86

390 of 406

TSC2

Dysplasia Of Taylor,
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis,
Tuberous Sclerosis

AD

100

1157 of 1159

TSEN2

Pontocerebellar
Hypoplasia

AR

95.47

4 of 5

TSEN34

Pontocerebellar
Hypoplasia

AR

100

1 of 1

TSEN54

Encephalopathy,
Olivopontocerebellar
Hypoplasia

AR

96.94

20 of 22

TTC19

Mitochondrial
ComplexIii
Deficiency

AR

95.3

10 of 12

TUBA1A

Lissencephaly

AD

100

95 of 95

TUBA8

Polymicrogyria
With Optic Nerve
Hypoplasia

AR

80.97

5 of 5

TUBB2A

Cortical Dysplasia

AD

81.71

5 of 7

TUBB2B

Cortical Dysplasia,
Dysequilibrium
Syndrome,
Polymicrogyria

AD

84.28

29 of 38

TUBB4A

Dystonia,
Leukodystrophy

AD

89.81

44 of 44

TWNK

Spinocerebellar Ataxia,
Perrault Syndrome
, Ophthalmoplegia,
Dysarthria

AD,AR

–

–

UBA5

Epileptic
Encephalopathy,
Spinocerebellar
Ataxia

AR

99.98

19 of 19

UBE2A

Mental
Retardation

X,XR,G

99.99

–

UBE3A

Angelman Syndrome,
15q11q13
Microduplication
Syndrome

AD

99.98

208 of 211

UNC80

Hypotonia,
SpeechImpairment

AR

99.95

39 of 39

VAMP2

Neurodevelopmental
Disorder, Hypotonia,
Hyperkinetic
Movements

AD

99.62

5 of 5

VARS1

Neurodevelopmental
Disorder, Microcephaly,
Cortical Atrophy

AR

97.86

19 of 20

VPS13A

Choreoacanthocytosis

AR

99.37

120 of 122

VPS13B

Cohen
Syndrome

AR

99.98

182 of 190

WARS2

Neurodevelopmental
Disorder, Lactic
Acidosis, Oxidative
Phosphorylation
Defect

AR

99.95

14 of 15

WASF1

Neurodevelopmental
Disorder,
Seizures

AD

97.03

3 of 3

WDR26

Skraban-Deardorff
Syndrome, Intellectual
Disability, Seizures,
Facial Dysmorphism

AD

99.31

22 of 22

WDR45

Neurodegeneration,
Brain Iron Accumulation,
West Syndrome

X,XD,G

100

–

WWOX

Epileptic Encephalopathy,
Esophageal Cancer,
Spinocerebellar Ataxia,
Gonadal Dysgenesis,
Squamous Cell
Carcinoma Of
The Esophagus

AR

99.94

44 of 44

YEATS2

MyoclonicEpilepsy

AD

99.98

1 of 1

YWHAG

Epileptic
Encephalopathy

AD

99.94

5 of 5

ZDHHC9

Mental
Retardation

X,G

100

–

ZEB2

Mowat-Wilson
Syndrome

AD

98.95

253 of 254

ZFYVE26

SpasticParaplegia

AR

99.95

48 of 48

ZIC2

Holoprosencephaly

AD

84.47

86 of 112

 * Inheritance: AD: Autosomal Dominant; AR: Autosomal Recessive; X: X linked; XLR: X linked Recessive; Mi: Mitochondrial; Mu: Multifactorial 

** HGMD: Number of clinically relevant mutations according to HGMD 

Methodology

References

See scientific referrals

Symonds, J. D., Zuberi, S. M., & Johnson, M. R. (2017). Advances in epilepsy gene discovery and implications for epilepsy diagnosis and treatment. Currentopinion in neurology, 30(2), 193–199. https://doi.org/10.1097/WCO.0000000000000433

Thijs, R. D., Surges, R., O’Brien, T. J., & Sander, J. W. (2019). Epilepsy in adults. Lancet (London, England), 393(10172), 689–701. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32596-0

Hebbar, M., &Mefford, H. C. (2020). Recent advances in epilepsy genomics and genetic testing. F1000Research, 9, F1000 Faculty Rev-185. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.21366.1

Myers, C. T., &Mefford, H. C. (2015). Advancing epilepsy genetics in the genomic era. Genome medicine, 7(1), 91. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-015-0214-7

Weber, Y. G., Biskup, S., Helbig, K. L., Von Spiczak, S., &Lerche, H. (2017). The role of genetic testing in epilepsy diagnosis and management. Expert review of molecular diagnostics, 17(8), 739–750. https://doi.org/10.1080/14737159.2017.1335598

Gurnett, C. A., & Hedera, P. (2007). New ideas in epilepsy genetics: novel epilepsy genes, copy number alterations, and gene regulation. Archives of neurology, 64(3), 324–328. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.64.3.324

Stafstrom, C. E., &Tempel, B. L. (2000). Epilepsy genes: the link between molecular dysfunction and pathophysiology. Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews, 6(4), 281–292. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-2779(2000)6:4<281::AID-MRDD7>3.0.CO;2-9

Goodkin, H. (2009). The founding of the American Epilepsy Society: 1936. Epilepsia, 50(3), 566-570. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01910.x

Berg, A., Berkovic, S., Brodie, M., Buchhalter, J., Cross, J., & van Emde Boas, W. et al. (2010). Revised terminology and concepts for organization of seizures and epilepsies: Report of the ILAE Commission on Classification and Terminology, 2005-2009. Epilepsia, 51(4), 676-685. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02522.x

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